Climate change significantly threatens ancient landscapes, particularly those in southern Mediterranean contexts more critically affected by extreme weather phenomena. Landslide risk, wildfires, and flooding typify climate related changes affecting central Italian ancient landscapes:
Landslide risks affecting modern central Italy
1a. Ancient Etruria outlined in black. 1b. Map of Etruscan urban and rural settlements with study sites highlighted in green (funerary landscapes) and orange (sanctuary landscapes).